ABA Word of the Week: Extinction &Functional Communication Training

Extinction

Textbook Definition: “..Reduces the behavior by withholding or terminating the positive reinforcer that maintains an inappropriate target behavior. ”

So for extinction to work, you must tailor it to fit the function:
Attention: Extinction would involve not providing attention (not responded to) the behavior
Escape: Extinction would involve not allowing the person to be removed from the situation

Often, before the behavior decreases a extinction burst is seen. Because the behavior has a history of reinforcement, the person may engage in exaggerated problem behavior to try and gain the reinforcer. Do not be discouraged; once the extinction burst is finish the behavior typically declines quickly. Consistency is key.

Functional Communication Training

When using extinction, an acceptable alternative behavior should be taught. This allows the person to still obtain reinforcement but through socially acceptable means.

Functional Communication Training (FCT) involves teaching/prompted an alternative behavior as quickly as possible in order to obtain reinforcement. Ideally, the FCT is presented before the problem behavior occurs. FCT can teach verbal request (i.e. I need a break or I want a hug), Picture Exchange, sign, etc.

*Reference: Alberto & Troutman (2003) Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers Sixth Edition